PT5 references
PT5 description
  • Adamec, D. and J. J. O'Brien, 1978:
    The seasonal upwelling in the Gulf of Guinea due to remote forcing.
    J. Phys. Oceanogr., 8, 1050-1060.
  • Bentsen, M., G. Evensen, H. Drange and A. Jenkins, 1999:
    Coordinate transformation on a sphere using conformal mapping.
    Mon. Weather Rev., 127, 2733-2740.
  • Bjørgo, E., O. M. Johannessen and M. W. Miles, 1997:
    Analysis of merged SMMR-SSMI time series of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice.
    Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 413-416.
  • Bleck, R. and D. B. Boudra, 1986:
    Wind-driven spin up in eddy-resolving ocean models formulated in isopycnic and isobaric coordinates.
    J. Geophys. Res., 91, 7611-7621.
  • Blindheim, J., 1993:
    Seasonal variations in the Atlantic Inflow to the Nordic Seas.
    ICES Stat. Meeting 1993, C. M. 1993/C:39.
  • Blindheim, J., V. Borovkov, B. Hansen, S. Aa. Malmberg, W. R. Turrell and S. Østerhus, 2000:
    Upper layer cooling and freshening in the Norwegian Sea in relation to atmospheric forcing.
    Deep-Sea Res, 47, 655-680.
  • Cavalieri, D. J., P. Gloersen, C. L. Parkinson, H. J. Zwally and J. C. Comiso, 1997:
    Observed hemispheric asymmetry in global sea ice changes.
    Science, 278, 1104-1106.
  • Chang, P., L. Ji and H. Li, 1997:
    A decadal climate variation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean from thermodynamic air-sea interactions.
    Nature, 385, 516-518.
  • Chierici, M., H. Drange, L. G. Anderson and T. Johannessen, 1999:
    Inorganic carbon fluxes through the boundaries of the Greenland Sea Basin based on in situ observations and water transport estimates.
    J. Mar. Systems, 22, 295-309.
  • Dickson, R. R., E. M. Gmitrowicz and A. J. Watson, 1990:
    Deep-Water renewal in the northern North Atlantic.
    Nature, 344, 848-850.
  • Dickson R. R., J. Meincke, S. Aa. Malmberg and A. J. Lee, 1988:
    The "Great Salinity Anomaly" in the northern North Atlantic 1968-1982.
    Progr. in Oceanogr., 20, 103-151.
  • Drange, H. and K. Simonsen,1996:
    Spin-Up of the ESOP2 Version of MICOM.
    Technical Report no. 117, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, Bergen.
  • Drange, H., 1999:
    RegClim ocean modelling at NERSC.
    In: RegClim General Technical Report No. 2, 93-102.
  • Enfield, D. B., A. M. Mesta-Nuñez, D. A. Mayer and L. Sid-Serrano, 1999:
    How ubiquitous is the dipole relationship in the tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures?
    J. Geophys. Res., 104, 7841-7848.
  • Fox D. N., M. R. Carnes and J. L. Mitchell, 1992:
    Characterizing Major Frontal Systems: A Nowcast/Forecast System for the Northwest Atlantic. Oceanography, 5, 49-53.
  • Gloersen, P., 1995:
    Modulation of hemispheric ice cover by ENSO events.
    Nature, 373, 503-505.
  • Gould, W. J., J. Loynes and J. Backhaus, 1985:
    Seasonality in slope current transport N.W. of Shetland.
    ICES Stat. Meeting 1985, C. M. 1985/C:7.
  • Hansen, D. V. and H. F. Bezdek, 1996:
    On the nature of decadal anomalies in North Atlantic Sea Surface Temperature.
    J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8749-8758.
  • Hurrell, J. W., 1995:
    Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation and relationships to regional temperature and precipitation.
    Science, 269, 676-679.
  • Jacobs, G. A., H. E. Hurlburt, J. C. Kindle, E. J. Metzger, J. L. Mitchell, W. J. Teague and A. J. Wallcraft, 1994:
    Decade-scale trans-Pacific propagation of an El Niño anomaly.
    Nature, 370, 360-363.
  • Johannessen, O. M., M. W. Miles and E. Bjørgo, 1995:
    The Arctic's shrinking sea ice.
    Nature, 376, 126-127.
  • Johannessen, O. M., E. V. Shalina and M.W. Miles, 1999:
    Satellite Evidence for an Arctic Sea Ice cover in Transformation.
    Science, 286, 1937-1939.
  • Kushnir, Y., 1994:
    Interdecadal variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature and associated atmospheric conditions.
    J. Climate, 7, 142-157.
  • Melsom, A., S. D. Meyers, H. E. Hurlburt, E. J. Metzger and J. J. O'Brien, 1999:
    ENSO effects on the Gulf of Alaska eddies.
    Earth Interactions, 3.
  • Melsom, A., E. J. Metzger and H. E. Hurlburt, 2000:
    Remotely forced sea level variability of the Northeast Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Alaska.
    In prep. [Results available ]
  • Mork, K. A. and J. Blindheim, 2000:
    Variations in the Atlantic inflow to the Nordic Seas, 1955-1996.
    Deep Sea Res, 47, 1035-1057.
  • Nagurnyi, A. P., V. G. Korostelev and P. A. Abaza, 1994. Bull. Russian Acad. Sci., Physics, Suppl. Phys. Vibrations 58, 168.
  • Nagurnyi, A. P, V. G. Korostelev and V. V. Ivanov, 1999:
    Meteorology and Hydrology 3, 72, in Russian. (English translation available from NERSC.)
  • Orvik, K. A. and M. Mork, 1996:
    Atlantic water transport from long term current measurements in the Svinøy section.
    ICES CM 1996/O:8, 9pp.
  • Orvik, K. A., Ø. Skagseth and M. Mork, 2000:
    Atlantic inflow to the Nordic Seas. Current structure and volume fluxes from moored current meters, VM-ADCP and SeaSoar-CTD observations, 1995-1999.
    Deep-Sea Res., accepted.
  • Penland, C, L. Matrosova, 1998:
    Prediction of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures using linear inverse modeling.
    J. of Climate, 11, 483-496.
  • Pistek, P., D. R. Johnson, 1992. Transport of the Norwegian Atlantic Current as determined from satellite altimetry.
    Geophys. Res. Letters, 10 (13), 1379-1382.
  • Reverdin, G., D. R. Cayan and Y. Kushnir, 1997:
    Decadal variability of hydrography in the upper northern North Atlantic, 1948-1990.
    J. Geophys. Res., 102, 8505-8533.
  • Rothrock, D. A., Y. Yu and G. A. Maykut, 1999:
    Thinning of the Arctic Sea-Ice Cover. Geophys.
    Res. Lett. 23, 3469-3472.
  • Samuel, P., J. A. Johannessen and O. M. Johannessen, 1994:
    A Study on the inflow of Atlantic Water to the GIN Sea using GEOSAT Altimeter Data.
    Nansen Centennial Volume, 96-108.
  • Sutton, R. T. and M. R. Allen, 1997:
    Decadal variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperature and climate.
    Nature, 388, 563-567.
  • Thompson, D. W. J. and J. M. Wallace, 1998:
    The Arctic Oscillation signature in wintertime geopotential height and temperature fields.
    Geophys. Res. Lett, 25, 1297-1300.
  • Vinnikov, K. Y, A. Robock, R. J. Stouffer, J. E. Walsh, C. L. Parkinson, D. J. Cavalieri, J. F. B. Mitchell, D. Garrett and V. F. Zakharov, 1999:
    Global warming and the northern hemisphere sea ice extent.
    Science, 286, 1934-1937.
  • Wallcraft, A. J., 1991:
    The Navy layered ocean model users' guide.
    Tech. Rep. 35, NOARL, Naval Res. Lab., Stennis Space Center. 21 pp. [Available online for download ]
  • Zebiak, S. E., 1993:
    Air-sea interaction in the equatorial Atlantic region.
    J. Climate, 6, 1567-1586.
Arne Melsom
Last modified: Fri Mar 30 13:17:05 GMT 2001